What is Networking ?

Networking is the interconnection of two or more computer for sharing information one computer to another computer is called networking.

Networking is a technique which is used to personal computer to multi user computer. Every computer must have an operating system (OS).

Advantage of Networking

To share the data, file, any other things from source to destination.
Money saving and also time saving.
Via the network we can do online transaction.
We can access remote in the network.
In network we can do the restriction to manage the all connected computer ( as long-on , long hours)
We can sharing printer or scanner one computer to another computer
We can access the any meeting of any organisation.
We can do collaboration and communication.
We can protect the data consumed.
From computer networking. We can save the data we consume.

Disadvantage of Networking

May be virus attack in network.
May be hack your website, your transaction of company.

Types of Networking

There are four main types of network.

Based on Transmission media
Based on Network size
Based on Management method
Based on Topology (connectivity)

1. Based on Transmission Media

There are two types of transmission media network

Guided media
Unguided media

1. Guided media

It is a media to transfer and received the data, file are any other things in network via the cable, wire.

Example of the guided media:-

(i) cable

(ii) wire

Network cable

There are three type of network cable

Twisted pair cable
Coaxial cable
Fibre optic cable

Twisted pair cable

A twisted pair cable consist or covered with insulated conductor, that are twisted cable.

The advantage of this cable is two wire open.

It is used in network purpose in present time to transfer and receive the data from one computer to other computer. This cable connect with ( RJ 45 ) connector and also its comes in speed as ( 1000 - above) speed.

This cable content 8 wire , 5 colour and also 4 pair.

Coaxial Cable

Coaxial cable is round shap cable in which there is a main conductor wire called inner conductor which is covered with cheap plastic insulation.

It is also used in computer network but it is currently used everywhere in the computer network.

A coaxial cable can be used cover a distance of 1 km and also transfer rate of upto 100 mbps.

Fibre optic cable

There is card single in the form of fluctuating light in glass or plastic cable.

This cable mostly used in largest networks to manage big business.

This cable is very costly and also the transmission rate up to mbps to Gbps , this cable is very fast full and reliable.

2. Unguided media

Radio, micro web, and satellite channel used electro magnetic broadcast in open space. It cover large geographical area.

It is less expensive than wire installation. The difference between radio, micro web where frequency bolo 1000 MHz are radio frequency and hair the micro web frequency.

2. Besed on Network Size

There are kind of networks divided on the basis of size like a network with in building or campus is known as local area network.

Where sarve inter globe is known as wide area network.

There are three types of network.

LAN ( Local Area Network )

MAN ( Metropolitan Area Network )

WAN ( wide Area Network )

LAN (Local Area Network)

LAN is a computer network that interconnect computer with in a limited area like as single building, schools, library, cyber cafe, University etc.

LAN network is a small network size in comparison to MAN and WAN networks

Features of LAN Network

A LAN is a network of connected with in a specific location.
LAN may be found in homes, office educational institute.
LAN may be wire, wireless or collaboration of the two.
LAN is used Ethernet, modem, router to connect device together.
LAN network example are Wi-Fi to connect with hotspot.
The transmission rate offline network are 1 MB to 100 Mbps. In other field the speed of this network are 155 Mbps to 655 Mbps, 1000 mbps.
It support under in 4.2 km distance.
LAN installation is low cost and also low expense.
The communication quality is better in lan network, because it is small network.
In LAN network we share the printer.

Advantage of LAN network

We can share any application / software from source to destination.
We can share the printer , scanner , file folder , from source to destination.
The line network is easy and cheap communication.
Data security can be managed only one computer.
LAN is a small Network and provide the fast full speed.
LAN network provides the facility to share a single internet connection among all the LAN users.

Disadvantage LAN network

The use of email within the network can be problems.
And also server can be failed during the working period.
Hard disc can not be progress.
The initial setup cost of installing LAN network is high because there is a special software required to make a server.
LAN network privacy violations.
It is covers limited area.

MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)

A MAN network is a network that interconnect user with computer resource in a geographical area.

a MAN network always interconnect with multiple building or more than LAN network.

That inter connect with one or more LAN network in the geographical area.

The MAN network is larger than LAN network but small then WAN network.

Features of MAN network

It is less expensive than WAN network.
All data of MAN network easily manage with Central device.
You can send the email with very fast.
The speed of data transfer rate is 100 mbps.
A MAN network is used fibre optic cable or wireless to transfer the file, any other things.
MAN is a combination of two or more LAN network.
MAN network distance is 50 km above.

Advantage of MAN Network

Less expensive
You can send local emails fast and free on MAN.
High speed then WAN.
Sharing of the the internet.
Conversion of LAN to MAN is easy way.
MAN is provide high security level then WAN network

Disadvantage of MAN Network

It is very difficult to manage.
In this network, there is a high risk of attacking hackers as compared to LAN. So deta may be leak.
Technical staff required to set up for this network.
In MAN Network more than LAN network cable required.

WAN (Wide Area Network)

The Network which is spread over the globe and cover entire world. it is biggest network a Across of the world in that each computer. Each computer is connected and share the data. WAN network is combination of LAN and MAN network.

Features of WAN network

It is cover the largest geographical area in the world.
The distance of wan network 100000 above.
The software file are sharing among all computers.
Software can be install from one PC to all of computer.
WAN network is used the ISP from the internet connection.

Advantage of WAN Network

Via network cover larger geographical area. Hence business office situated at longer distance can easily communicate.
Like a LAN, allows sharing of resource and application software among distribute users.
The software file shared among all the users. Hence all will have access to latest file.

Disadvantage of WAN Network

Initial investment cost are higher.
It is difficult to maintain the network. It requires skill technique network administrator.
It has lower security compared to LAN and MAN. Due to wider coverage and use of more technologies.

There are three type of a network..

Wireless network
Public network
Private network

Wireless network

Wireless network are an important technology which is access 'via' Internet.

In Local Network. Metropolitan wide network very easily now a days many of universities, industries campus are the example of wireless network.

Wireless network can be connected router, antenna, Bluetooth, walky- talky , Wi-Fi.

Public network

Public network are those network which are installed and run by telecommunication authorise and are mad available to any organisation or are individual.

In this technology of network used the public telephone Network (PSTN) public switched data network (PSDN) , modem, integrated service digital Network etc.

Private network

This Network technology used in the all forms of private WAN. This network is owner of the network has complete freedom and use the any forms. You want and also provide the high speed transmission.

Other of the networks

PAN (Personal area network)

WLAN (wireless Local area network)

CAN (campus area network)

SAN (storage Area Network)

Note- all of the network this can be used with general purpose.

1. PAN ( Personal Area Network)

Pan is a computer network for interconnecting Central device on individual person. Per network can we connect Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, NFC ( near field communication).

2. WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network )

In this network a group of device connected to to each other and using wireless connection instead of cable connection.

3. CAN (Campus Area Network)

A network that joins two are more LAN together within a limited area is called CAN network.

Example of can network :- University, campus.

4. SAN (Storage Area Network)

The SAN network is also network which is capable to store large volume of data. Which a centralised device in this type of network can be used the magnetic disk.

3. Based on Management Method

It is a two type of network..

1. Peer-to-peer ( P2P) Network

2. Client and server Network

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Network

In peer to peer network are of the computer are connected in a simple way to share the data, information without going through a separate server computer.

Example- a p2p network can be connection the couples of computer via universal serial bus (USB) to transfer file.

Client and server network

In client and server network all of the computers connected with one centralised powerful computer is called server. In this network use the central device (switch, hub, Router).

In client and server network the server computer provide the the restriction to manage the all client computer.

4. Based on Topology

Topology definition:-

Network topology is a physical connectivity of computer and network device by a systematic way.

Topology define the structure of the network of how of the components (computer) are interconnect to each other.

There are six type of network topology..

Bus network topology
Star network topology
Ring network topology
Mesh network topology
Tree network topology
Hybrid network topology

1. Bus Network Topology

It is related to as a line topology. A bus topology is a network setup where is computer and device are connected to a single cable. Which is also known as (backbone) Bus Topology.

Features of bus network topology

It transmits data only in one direction.
Every device is connected to a single cable.
Most prevalent because it is a simple in installation.
The biggest problem if one cable broke or loss then the whole network will die.
Using a coaxial cable.
Using the BNC connector.
The bus topology is a transmission line where the signal is received and sent on each device connected to one straight line.

Advantage of Bus topology

It is easy to set-up and extend bus network.
It costs very less.
Cable length required for this topology. For adding one computer to other network.
It is mostly used for small network.... Good for LAN Network.

Disadvantage of bus topology

It has a limited length of cables.
If the main cable break then the entire network computer is always break down in very having network speed slow down.
It is slow slower than ring topology.
It is not suitable for network with heavy traffic
Security is very low because all the computer receive the send signal from the source.
Maintenance cost can get higher with time.

2. Star Network Topology

In this type of topology all the computer are connected to a single hub through a cable. This hub is the central node and all other nodes are connected to the central node ( computer) the central hub can be a computer server that manage the network.

Advantage of Star network topology

It is fast performance with few nodes
It low network traffic.
New note can be add or remove easily.
It is easy to troubleshoot.
Only that node is affected which has failed, other nodes can work smoothly.

Disadvantage of Star Network Topology

Cost of installation is very high.
It is very expensive.
If the hub fails then the whole network is stopped.
All the computer depend on the hub.

3. Ring Network Topology

In ring network topology all of the computer are connected in a a circular fashion and the data travels in one direction. in a Ring network, every device has exactly two neighbours for communication. Each computer is directly connected to the next computer.

Advantage of Ring Network Topology

This type of network is easy to install and manage.
All message travel through a ring in the same direction (clockwise or counterclockwise).
It is cheap to install and expand.
Does not required a central device between the computer.
Performs better than a bus topology under heavy network load.

Disadvantage of Ring Topology

If failed of one computer disturb the whole network.
Moving, adding and changing the device can affect on the network.
It is difficult to troubleshoot.
Bandwidth is shared on all links between device.

4. MESH Network Topology

In this network every node is connected to every other nodes. Its network is fast reliable and no hub are bus to fail if if one device goes down, it is the only not affected expensive every node must be wired to every other node difficult to add nodes.

Advantage of mesh topology

We can handle high amount of traffic.
Multiple device can transmit the data.
A favour of one device does not cause a break in the network.
Adding additional device does not disturb data transmission between other device.
It is called robust.
Hit provide security and privacy.

Disadvantage of mesh Topology

The cast implement is higher than other network topology.
This topology is difficult and time consuming.
Unnecessary High connection which adds to the high cost.

5. Tree Network Topology

This is combination of bus and start network topology. Tree topology integrated multiple star topology together into bus.

The highest level of any train at work consist of a single routes node. Connected with a single or multiple node in the level below by point to point links.

Bus Network+Ring Network=Tree Network Topology.

Advantage of Tree Topology

Point to point wiring (cable) for individual segment.
Error detection is easy done.
Supported by server hardware and software vendors.

Disadvantage of Tree Topology

Overall length of each segment is limited by the type of calling used.
If the breakdown line break the entire network down.
More difficult to configure (installation)

6. Hybrid network topology

Hybrid network topology are the collection of bus, star, and ring network topology which is mostly used in University campus.

Star Topology+Ring Topology+Bus Topology= Hybrid Network Topology

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What is Networking | Types of Networking | based on topology - based on network size - based on transmission media | based on management method